O present continuous é um tempo verbal da língua inglesa, podendo também ser chamado de present progressive. Ele é comumente usado quando queremos falar sobre alguma ação no presente, principalmente no momento exato da fala, por isso, ele pode ser comparado com o gerúndio da língua portuguesa. O present continuous expressa, também, uma ação inconcluída ou inacabada, daí seu nome, que significa presente contínuo.
Quando vamos usar o present continuous, precisamos nos atentar para o verbo principal, pois é nele que iremos acrescentar o sufixo "-ing", que indica o gerúndio da frase. Assim, iremos formar o present participle. Além disso, é importante sabermos que, nesse tempo verbal, o verbo principal sempre virá depois do verbo to be.
Pensando nisso tudo, teremos a seguinte regra geral de formação do present continuous em frases afirmativas:
Sujeito + verbo to be no present simple + verbo principal com acréscimo de "-ing" (past participle) + objeto da frase
Vamos ver alguns exemplos de frases no present continuous:
O present continuous é comumente usado quando queremos descrever uma ação que está acontecendo no exato momento da fala. Por exemplo:
She is reading Harry Potter. - Ela está lendo Harry Potter
Mas, além deste uso comum, este tempo verbal também é utilizado para outros contextos. Por isso, é importante sabermos cada uma dessas situações, para que possamos saber quando usar esse tempo verbal. Abaixo, vamos ver esses usos, além do uso geral:
The veganism is growing worldwide. - O veganismo está crescendo no mundo todo.
I am visiting my grandmother tomorrow. - Eu vou visitar minha avó amanhã.
She usually drinks tea, but she's drinking wine tonight. - Ela geralmente bebe chá, mas hoje à noite ela está bebendo vinho.
They are always complaining about everything! - Eles sempre estão reclamando de tudo!
Alguns verbos da língua inglesa geralmente não são usados no present continuous, pois eles expressam estados, não ações ou processos (que os verbos do present continuous geralmente expressam).
Esses verbos são comumente usados no present simple, mesmo que estejam em algum contexto que encaixaria o present continuous.
Abaixo, vamos ver uma lista de alguns verbos que não são usados nesse tempo verbal:
to feel - sentir
to hear - ouvir
to see - ver
to smell - cheirar
to taste - sentir o gosto/degustar
to assume - assumir
to believe - acreditar
to consider - considerar
to doubt - duvidar
to feel - com o significado de pensar
to find - com o significado de considerar
to suppose - supor
to think - pensar
to forget - esquecer
to imagine - imaginar
to know - saber
to mean - significar
to notice - perceber
to recognise - reconhecer
to remember - lembrar-se
to understand - entender
to envy - invejar
to fear - ter medo
to dislike - desgostar
to hate - odiar
to hope - esperar (com sentido de crença)
to like - gostar
to love - amar
to mind - importar-se
to prefer - preferir
to regret - arrepender-se
to want - querer
to wish - desejar
to contain - conter
to cost - custar
to hold - conter
to measure - medir
to weigh - pesar
to look - com significado de parecer-se com
to have - com significado de possuir
Ebola crisis
West Africa is experiencing the biggest outbreak of the Ebola virus ever known, causing thousands of deaths, devastating fragile healthcare systems and damaging the economies of countries, some of which are still recovering from civil war. Infections are thought to be doubling every few weeks. The World Health Organization (WHO) says there were 13,700 officially registered cases by the end of October, almost all in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea, with about 5,000 deaths, but many go unrecorded and the true figure is thought to be two to three times higher. The US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) says that if nothing changes there could be 1.4 million cases by late January.
The WHO has been criticized for not reacting fast enough to the outbreak: it took three months to diagnose the first cases, and five months more before a public health emergency was declared. The exceptional spread of the disease was probably down to a number of factors including dysfunctional health systems, high population mobility across state borders, densely populated capitals and lack of trust in authorities after years of armed conflict meaning health advice is not heeded. Fear is also a factor. People are afraid to go to hospital because they think it may be the source of infection.
Healthcare in the region was fragile before Ebola. Now there is disintegration as staff become ill or stay away for fear of the disease. Infection control and hygiene are major issues. Soap and water are unavailable in some areas. Alcohol hand rubs are needed on a large scale. Isolation facilities are vital to contain Ebola, as are labs for testing because rapid diagnosis is very important. Both are in very short supply. In some places, isolation is nothing more than an area behind a curtain. People with other diseases and women in childbirth are at risk because hospitals are no longer functioning properly.
The Guardian, Oct. 31, 2014. Available on: <http://www.
theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/25/-sp-ebola-crisisbriefing>.
Access on: Nov. 25, 2014. [Adapted]
About the first sentence of the text, it is correct to affirm that